Bhutan im Land des Donnerdrachens oder auf der Suche nach dem Glück 20.09.2010 - 4.10.2010
Reisebericht Bhutan 17.9 – 5.10.2010
|
(kein Bericht nur Bilder) |
|||
|
(kein Bericht nur Bilder) |
Zurück zur Übersicht | ||
|
Donnerstag, 23. September 2010
Alle Bilder Tag 4 ohne Festival
Für den heutigen Tag notierte ich schönes Wetter, sonnig, genau das Wetter, was man für ein Open-Air-Festival braucht. Es ist Winteranfang, bhutanesischer Feiertag – Abschied vom Monsun. Zum Frühstück gibt es Buchweizenfladen, sehr gesund. |
|
Gegen 8.30 Uhr fahren wir zum Festival. Von überall strömen die Menschen zum Tempel. Dieser befindet sich einige Kilometer außerhalb der Stadt. Wir machen noch kurz an einem Laden halt, um etwas zum Mittag zu kaufen, da wir (in diesem Fall ich) beschlossen hatten, wegen des Mittagessens nicht den Festivalbesuch abzubrechen und ins Hotel zum Lunch zu fahren. Auf dem Weg, der zuerst eine asphaltierte Straße war und dann ein Waldweg wurde, waren alle in eine Richtung unterwegs nur die leeren Taxis kamen uns entgegen, um so viel wie möglich Fahrten zwischen Stadt und Tempel zu machen. Bis zum Beginn des Festivals war noch genügend Zeit, die mit einem Kulturprogramm überbrückt wurde. Es gab genügend interessante Zuschauer zu fotografieren.
Über das eigentliche Festival habe ich nicht viel aufgeschrieben, deshalb erst einmal aus der Wikipedia, worum es bei dem heutigen Feiertag eigentlich geht: Blessed Rainy Day is the holiday marking the end of the monsoon season in Bhutan. On this day all natural water resources in the country are considered to be sanctifying and citizens are encouraged to take an outdoor bath to be cleansed of "bad deeds, obstructions and defilements" and accumulated bad karma. Families traditionally gather for a meal of thup (porridge) at breakfast time. The holiday also marks the end of the farming season and the beginning of the harvest season. Government offices, schools, and institutions are closed for the day. The most auspicious hour for the ablution is determined by astrologers in the service of the Je Khenpo, the chief abbot of the country. They refer to the Bhutanese lunar calendar (essentially the Tibetan lunar calendar), but the exact method of their calculations have not been disclosed. In 2004, they determined the preferred time to be 4:00 p.m., September 22. Citizens who are unable to bathe at the exact hour instead often rise before dawn for a brisk morning splash. In 2005 Blessed Rainy Day fell on September 23. The official date in 2006 was found to be September 24. In 2010, Blessed Rainy Day will fall on September 23. Variant romanizations of the Dzongkha name of the holiday include Thrue-Bab, Thrie-Bab, and Thri-Bab. The holiday was dropped from public holiday list on 2007. The Bhutan home minister restored the holiday in 2008. People would still take the day off even when its status was non-official.
Das Kulturprogramm bestand mit Musik aus den Boxen, Gesang aus dem Mikro, traditionellen Tänzen, performed von Männern und Frauen (getrennt).
Es wurden immer mehr Zuschauer. Wir schauten in den Tempelinnenhof. Dort boten drei verkleidete Mönche ein kleines Aufwärmprogramm. Mit hölzernen Penissen und einer Donation Box bewaffnet bespaßten sie vorallem die zahlenden Touristen.
Für ein kleines Entgelt sprangen sie in unglaubliche Höhen aus dem Stand. Beeindruckend.
Penisse haben im kulturellen Leben Bhutans eine symbolische Bedeutung. Wir sahen sie an Häuserwänden, als Stein im Museum von Thimphu und als hölzerne Gegenstände bei Tanzaufführungen.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Hier mehr darüber aus der Wikipedia: Phallus paintings in Bhutan are esoteric symbols, which have their origins in the Chimi Lhakhang monastery near Punakha, the former capital of Bhutan. The village monastery was built in honour of Lama Drukpa Kunley who lived in the 15-16th century and who was popularly known as the "Mad Saint" or “Divine Madman” for his unorthodox ways of teaching, which amounted to being bizarre and shocking. These explicit paintings, though embarrassing to many urbanites now (this folk culture is now informally discouraged in urban centres), can be seen painted on the walls of houses and buildings through out Bhutan, particularly in villages, and are credited as Kunley's creations. Traditionally symbols of an erect penis in Bhutan have been intended to drive away the evil eye and malicious gossip.
While the history of use of phallus symbols is traced to Drukpa Kunley, the studies carried out at the Center of Bhutan Studies (CBS) have inferred that the phallus was an integral part of Bön tradition (an unorthodox form of religion), an animistic and shamanistic religion, which existed in Bhutan before Buddhism became the state religion. In Bonism, phallus was integral to all Bon rituals. Dasho Lam Sanga, a former principal of the Institute of Language and Culture Studies (ILCS), while stating that there are no written documents on it, elaborates: “But the worship of the phallus was believed to be in practice even before the arrival of Guru Rimpoche and Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal …What we know about it is what we heard from our forefathers. The phallic symbols are, however, generally not depicted in community temples and dzongs, which are most revered places of worship where lamas or Buddhist monks reside and who have adopted celibate lifestyle and pursue divine ideals. However, rural and ordinary houses continue to display them. HistoryThe often mentioned origin of the symbolic phallus is as a legacy of the popular Bhutanese saint Lama Drukpa Kunley (1455–1529). Kunley migrated from Tibet, was trained in Ralung Monastery in Tibet, and belonged to the period of Pema Lingpa and was his disciple. He was a crazy saint who extensively travelled in Bhutan, who was fond of women and wine, and adopted blasphemous and unorthodox ways of teaching Buddhism. His sexual exploits included his hosts and promoters. He was utterly devoid of all social conventions and called himself the "Madman from Kyishodruk." His intention was to shock the clergy who were uppity and prudish in their behaviour and teachings of Buddhism. However, his ways appealed to the common man. It was he who propagated the legend of painting phalluses on walls and flying hanging phalluses from roof tops of houses to drive away evil spirits and subdue demonesses. He is, therefore, also called the "fertility saint", as the Chime Lakhang monastery he built is visited by not only Bhutanese women but also people from the United States and Japan. Kunley's organ, as painted, is called the "Thunderbolt of Flaming Wisdom" as it unnerved demons and demonesses and subdued them. It is also said that he is "perhaps the only saint in the religions of the world who is almost exclusively identified with phallus and its creative power". It is for this reason that his phallus, as a symbol, is depicted in paintings on the walls of the houses, and he is shown in thangka paintings holding a "wooden stick with penis head". The mad saint lived in a place known as Lobesa, close to the present day Chimi Lhakhang monastery, to drive away demonesses and protect the local people. According to the legend, he used to hit the evil forces with his penis (or cohabited with them) and turn them into protective deities. The Chimi Lhakhang monastery was built in the mad saint's honour by his cousin on a hillock (this hillock was called by Kunley as woman's breast) in a valley for the good deeds done to his people by subduing the evil forces and demonesses with his "magic thunderbolt of wisdom". It was built in 1499 with a square plan and a golden spire. It is approached from the Yowakha village, and all the houses on the way are painted with phallic symbols. As a witness, the monastery now houses several wooden phalluses including a silver handled phallus (the Lama's Thunderbolt) which the mad saint is supposed to have brought from Tibet. This is now frequently used by the current Lama of the monastery to hit women on the head, as a blessing to beget children. The monastery is also enshrined with a statue of Lama Kunley with his pet dog Sachi. Images of Zhabdrung, Sakyamuni Buddha and Chenresig are also deified in the monastery. Women who come to the monastery seeking blessings of children by getting hit on the head by the presiding Lama with wooden and bone phalluses, also get the name of the child to be born chosen by picking bamboo slips placed in the altar inscribed with names of boys and girls. It is also said that the small chorten at the altar was made by Kunley himself. It is also argued by social science researchers that the phallus is a representation of "Worldly illusion of desires", and it is said that as a symbol of power and fertility of the animists of the Bön religion, the phallus's representation got enmeshed with Buddhism in Bhutan. Anecdotes and strange practices Several anecdotes are told of the zany ways of Drukpa Kunley. It is said that on a particular occasion he was gifted a sacred thread to put around his neck. However, he shocked the people by saying that he would tie the thread around his penis with the fond hope that it would bring him "luck with the ladies". Among some communities in eastern Bhutan, every year during a particular period, phalluses are worshipped with flowers, ara (hooch in red colour) and milk seeking protection from the evil spirits. In central Bhutan, a wooden phallus is immersed in the cups before the drinks are offered to the guests. Some phalluses, especially in rural Bhutan, are endowed with comic eyes. The phallus painting is also termed as an institutionalised graffiti. It is seen painted in different designs, and an unusual design seen is one with a dragon riding the phallus. One common feature noticed is that the phallus is always seen ejaculating. SymbolismThe belief that such a symbol brings good luck and drives away evil spirits is so much ingrained in the psyche of the common populace in Bhutan that the symbols are routinely painted outside walls of the new houses and even painted on number plates of trucks. The carved wooden phalluses are hung (sometimes crossed by a design of sword or dagger) outside, on the eves of the new homes, at the four corners.
The wooden phalluses are also driven in the agricultural fields as a kind of scarecrow, when the crops start sprouting. The Atsaras (masked clowns) also decorate their headgear with phallus painted cloth, during the popular Tsechu festival held every year in different monasteries throughout Bhutan. These clowns also dance with their holy whips and wooden phalluses. On a road drive from Paro airport to Thimpu these explicit paintings of phalluses are a common sight on “white-washed walls of homes, shops and eateries.” In the Chimi Lhakhang monastery, the shrine dedicated to Drupka, several wooden penises are seen being used to bless people who visit the monastery on pilgrimage seeking blessings to bear a child or for welfare of their children. The glaringly displayed phallus in the monastery is a brown wooden piece with a silver handle, a religious relic considered to possess divine powers and hence used for blessing the spiritually oriented people. It is also said to prevent quarrels among family members in the houses which are painted with these symbols. House warming ritualAn interesting ritual is performed in Bhutan, as part of house warming ceremony of new houses, which entails erecting the phallus symbols at the four corners of the eves of the house and one inside the house. It involves raising of a basket filled with the phalluses carved out of wood to the roof of the house to fix them at the four cardinal corners. Groups of both men and women get hired by the owner of the house in raising the basket to the roof. While the men pull the basket up with a rope tied securely from the roof, women try to pull it down; during this process, ribald phallic songs are sung and with every pull the people watching the fun shout "laso". A mock exercise is enacted by the men as if they have failed to lift the basket and the basket is dropped to the ground. The intention is to get free hooch (spirit) from the owner of the house so that they get energised to raise the basket. Following the free drinking binge, the men finally rise the basket to the roof and fix the phalluses at the four corners of the roof at the eve ends. The phalluses are also tied with a dagger (redi) and painted in five different colours; the colours are said to be significators of five divine expressions: "White dagger representing peace, purity, and harmony, a red coloured dagger representing wealth and power is placed on the west, the yellow dagger representing prosperity is placed on the south, and on the north is placed the green dagger representing protection. The fifth dagger placed inside the house is usually blue in colour and symbolises wisdom." The popular belief in fixing these symbols is that it wards off evil spirits, and not as a fertility symbol. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Doch das Hauptereignis des Festivals fand auf der Wiese vor dem Tempel statt, wo die meisten Bhutanesen immer noch den Darbietungen auf der kleinen Bühne folgten. Im Zentrum der Wiese waren zwei Holz/Reisighaufen aufgebaut etwa 2-3 Meter entfernt voneinander. |
|
(kein Bericht nur Bilder) |
|||
|
(kein Bericht nur Bilder) |
Zurück zur Übersicht | ||